Firstly, Uso, you are not one to be talking about names, you are still pushing items named after breakfast items.
But on to the tech.
First thing here is that the particles being used would be known,even after one shot. Heck, their energies would be know after one shot. This is because each particle has a unique decay product (for example, a Neutron decays into a proton, a electron, and a gamma ray).
As was said previously, the neutrino is right out a viable particle for this weapon, since it does not react with either the electromagnetic force nor the strong force, allowing it to breeze by immense volumes of matter. As Jatsu said, neutrons are what you want to use here. They allow you to penetrate lighter armors with ease.
My big problem here, as it seems with others, is what you are doing with these oscillations. As I understand it you seem to be trying to match the wave of the nuclei within the target's hull. Fundamentally, this seems workable, because, assuming you could match the waves, you could get the neutrons to pass through with no resistance. However, in reality the armor is not a ideal body and its constituents do not all oscillate with the same frequency. This means it could not penetrate the armor in its entirety. It would probably have difficulty passing through a few layers of the crystal before the oscillations where different. That they are neutral would help them get further (the oscillations would stop helping, as I said last sentence, very shortly into the material), but the kind of dense armor used in military starships would stop it before it got through I believe. PA and fighters are another matter though.
Now, you could arbitrarily increase the energy of the neutron, giving it more penetrating power, but as it its energy increases it becomes less effective in damaging hardware. This is because the most lethal energy range for neutron radiation for organic life and most electronics is between .9 and 2.1 MeV (mega electronvolts).
As was said earlier, the oscillations will not aid it in any way when it comes to shielding, since most forms of it in this setting are based on spacetime warping. So for acting shielded targets you probably just want to ramp up the neutron energy as far as the weapon can safely go (just realizing that if you penetrate it, it is really not going to do much of anything to the ship or crew)
With the range, I would agree that it is extremely short (keeping in mind any form of realistic space combatants would consider distances in the tens of km as "point blank", normal engagements taking place at hundreds or thousands of km with ship weaponry), but given the purpose of the weapon (which seems to be for taking out strike craft and PA) it is acceptable, if not desirable. Still, because most armor used by militaries in this setting use a godtech propulsion system to ignore inertia, whatever ship mounts this better be horrendously fast if it wants to actually get in range to use it. Personally, I would rephrase it to say that the oscillatory effect is only useful within a few km(since the particles would eventually start to do there own thing) but that the raw neutron beam was effective at several hundred or thousand km. Do keep in mind (though I know creators of PA on the board have not) that organic beings have a limit on how accurately they can aim at something, putting a upper limit on targeting by such things well below what most weapons effective ranges are.