Its called stand off range paired with deceptive maneuvering, your going to have plenty of warning sure but they have guidance systems and can chase you down.
Actually no the guidance systems likely can't. Because you're not taking into account the delay of received information. When you fire, let's assume from 2 light days away. And your missile moves at half C. You're firing at a 2 day old image because of the information had to travel back to you, and it's going to take 4 days to get to -that- spot. Now the missile can update it's course as it flies, but the missile would have much less in the way of detection than the ship itself, but it would hardly matter, because when you fire the missile it's sensors would kick in just then. So it wont even know if your target was still moving, unless you feed it the information constantly as it flies, because you're days behind. However as it gets further from you you have to take longer to send the data to it, so that 2 day old information becomes even older. By time the missile is close enough on its own, the target is likely not remotely where it started, and would have long since detected the missile or just plain not been in the system anymore.
Now that becomes irrelevant when you think about the fact that there are subspace communication and detection systems. But that is a disadvantage for the missile. Because that means sensors are moving -way- faster than the missile and since since light speed weapons are very common in the setting, shooting the missile down with a calculated shot is easy, because you have a projectile faster than it and the ability to get instantly up to date info on it. (Ignoring the fact that again, the ship at that range likely wouldn't be sitting around just chilling, it'd be in motion)
This is why strategic weapons aren't used against mobile targets, because the time to deploy it, a mobile target is just too hard to hit.
Edit: Another note, I might be wrong, because I only did a simple search, but the subspace systems are mostly communication and basic detection anyway. Not targeting systems.